Novel electrospun fibers as carriers for delivering a biocompatible Sm(iii) nanodrug for cancer therapy: fabrication, characterization, cytotoxicity and toxicity

Abstract

The current study represents the successful fabrication and characterization of a Sm(III) nano complex based on 2-cyano-N′-((4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)methylene)acetohydrazide (CCMA). The fibrous Sm(III) nanocomplex has been fabricated by the electrospinning technique. SEM analysis of the electrospun fibers has revealed that the fibers have a uniform structure and smooth surface without observing Sm(III) nanocomplex crystals, i.e. the Sm(III) nanocomplex has been well incorporated into the fibers. In vitro antitumor activity against two carcinogenic cell lines (HepG-2 and E.A.C.) as well as in vivo toxicity of pure Sm(III) nanocomplex and its electrospun fibers have been detected. The biological results have shown that there is a significant antitumor activity with low toxicity of the pure Sm(III) nanocomplex and its electrospun fibers with respect to different standard antitumor drugs. Also, the electrospun fibers recorded higher cytotoxicity (IC₅₀ = 0.1 μM (Hep-G); 0.09 μM (E.A.C)) and lower toxicity (LD₅₀ = 350 mg kg⁻¹) than the pure ones. The in vitro release rate of the Sm(III) nanocomplex from electrospun fibers has also been detected. The results have shown that the burst releasing of the Sm(III) nanocomplex is about 22% after 1 h at the beginning, then a cumulative release increased gradually over the following hours. All results demonstrate the potential use of the Sm(III) nanocomplex as a potent antitumor drug and its electrospun fibers as superior drug carriers for the treatment of tumors.