Recent advances in the syntheses of guaianolides

Abstract

Sesquiterpene lactones, especially guaianolides representing a bigger class of natural products, have served as appealing candidates for total synthesis due to their varied bio- and pharmaceutical activities. This tutorial review delineates the creative efforts of many researchers in the total syntheses of different complex guaianolides recently published in the literature. Many of the syntheses display meticulous interplay between new methods and the ingenuity of strategies achieved through well-planned routes. In some cases, the Chiron approach has come in quite handy, wherein the structural features and stereochemistry of select molecules could map well with naturally available starting materials. A few catalytic methods like diastereoselective aldol reaction, enediyne or dienyne metathesis, or photochemical methods have been efficiently used. This compilation also aims to enhance the diversity space based on these natural products and further interest in the sustainable total synthesis of this class of compounds and related molecules.