Issue 14, 2023

Bioluminescence, photophysical, computational and molecular docking studies of fully conformationally restricted enamine infraluciferin

Abstract

A new rationally designed fully rotationally restricted luciferin has been synthesised. This synthetic luciferin, based upon the structure of infraluciferin, has two intramolecular H-bonds to reduce degrees of freedom, an amine group to enhance ICT process, and an alkenyl group to increase π-conjugation. In the spectroscopic measurements and computational calculations, enamine luciferin showed more red-shifted absorption and fluorescence emission than LH2 and iLH2. With PpyWT luciferase enamine luciferin gave bioluminescence at 564 nm which is similar to LH2 at 561 nm. Further investigation by docking studies revealed that the emission wavelength of enamine luciferin might be attributed to the unwanted twisted structure caused by Asp531 within the enzyme. With mutant luciferase FlucRed, the major emission peak was shifted to 606 nm, a distinct shoulder above 700 nm, and 21% of its spectrum located in the nIR range.

Graphical abstract: Bioluminescence, photophysical, computational and molecular docking studies of fully conformationally restricted enamine infraluciferin

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
15 Feb 2023
Accepted
10 Mar 2023
First published
13 Mar 2023
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY-NC license

Org. Biomol. Chem., 2023,21, 2941-2949

Bioluminescence, photophysical, computational and molecular docking studies of fully conformationally restricted enamine infraluciferin

C. Chang, S. Gómez, D. M. Fontaine, P. Fikas, B. R. Branchini and J. C. Anderson, Org. Biomol. Chem., 2023, 21, 2941 DOI: 10.1039/D3OB00247K

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