Issue 45, 2023

Biochemical transformations of inorganic nanomedicines in buffers, cell cultures and organisms

Abstract

The field of nanomedicine is rapidly evolving, with new materials and formulations being reported almost daily. In this respect, inorganic and inorganic–organic composite nanomaterials have gained significant attention. However, the use of new materials in clinical trials and their final approval as drugs has been hampered by several challenges, one of which is the complex and difficult to control nanomaterial chemistry that takes place within the body. Several reviews have summarized investigations on inorganic nanomaterial stability in model body fluids, cell cultures, and organisms, focusing on their degradation as well as the influence of corona formation. However, in addition to these aspects, various chemical reactions of nanomaterials, including phase transformation and/or the formation of new/secondary nanomaterials, have been reported. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of biochemical transformations of medically relevant inorganic (composite) nanomaterials in environments related to their applications. We provide a refined terminology for the primary reaction mechanisms involved to bridge the gaps between different disciplines involved in this research. Furthermore, we highlight suitable analytical techniques that can be harnessed to explore the described reactions. Finally, we highlight opportunities to utilize them for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes and discuss current challenges and research priorities.

Graphical abstract: Biochemical transformations of inorganic nanomedicines in buffers, cell cultures and organisms

Article information

Article type
Review Article
Submitted
13 Jul 2023
Accepted
28 Oct 2023
First published
30 Oct 2023
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY-NC license

Nanoscale, 2023,15, 18139-18155

Biochemical transformations of inorganic nanomedicines in buffers, cell cultures and organisms

A. L. Neuer, I. K. Herrmann and A. Gogos, Nanoscale, 2023, 15, 18139 DOI: 10.1039/D3NR03415A

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