A facile synthesis of a MoS2/soluble g-C3N4/CdS ternary composite for high efficiency photocatalytic hydrogen production

Abstract

In the present work, a ternary composite MoS₂/soluble g-C₃N₄/CdS was synthesized using a facile one-pot hydrothermal reaction and conventional reflux reaction method. The composition, morphology, and properties of the ternary composite were characterized. The photocatalytic performance of the ternary composite was evaluated for hydrogen generation under LED lamp irradiation (450 nm < λ < 465 nm) with lactic acid (LA) used as a sacrificial reagent. The results demonstrated that the maximum hydrogen production reached 4869.6 μmol under the optimal hydrogen production conditions, including a composition of 20% soluble g-C₃N₄, 9% MoS₂, a solution pH of 1, and an irradiation time of 6 hours. The corresponding hydrogen production rate for the ternary composite was calculated to be 8116 μmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹. Furthermore, a possible electron transfer mechanism of the ternary composite system was briefly explored. The interaction and synergistic effects between MoS₂, soluble g-C₃N₄, and CdS in the ternary composite likely facilitate efficient electron transfer, resulting in enhanced photocatalytic activity for hydrogen production. Mechanistic research showed that the electron transfer pathway represented either a double or single type II heterojunction photocatalytic system.