Performance enhancement using an embedded nano-pyramid in a perovskite solar cell with TaTm as a hole transport layer

Abstract

The trapping of photons and broad-spectrum absorption of solar irradiance are the primary focus of numerous solar cell research applications. In the current work, a novel paradigm for trapping light is introduced by introducing a nano-pyramidal array (NPA) using the SETFOS simulator. The triple layer used in the optimized design of the PSC helps improve photon absorption inside the device. The current study shows the optimization of carrier transport layer (CTL) thickness, temperature, cathode materials, and defectivity of the PSC devices. The simulation confirms that the NPA on the top of the ITO combined with a triple-graded active layer (AL) exhibits a current density (J_SC) of 21.43 mA cm⁻², an open-circuit voltage (V_OC) of 0.835V, a fill factor (FF) of 82.37, and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.73%, respectively. The study also includes a lower-cost and novel TaTm as the hole transport layer (HTL) and C₆₀ as the electron transport layer (ETL) for suitable band alignment with the photon absorber. Hence, combining the triple grading with NPA and TaTm as HTL efficiently improves the device performance and shows an effective way to optimize the PSC devices.