Issue 10, 2023

Recycled polyester filled with eggshells waste-based nano CaCO3: thermo-mechanical and flame-retardant features

Abstract

Substitution of primary resources by solid waste and natural alternatives is being targeted worldwide. In this regard, this work aims to prepare a new environmentally friendly polymer nanocomposite based on a recycled polyester matrix and waste CaCO3. The novel aspect is filling the environmentally friendly polyester, obtained from natural biomass and natural oleic acid (BM-PES), with different concentrations of eggshell-waste-based calcium carbonate (ES-CaCO3) nanofiller, for the first time. ES-CaCO3, ∼ 80 nm, was extracted by milling and calcination of solid eggshell waste, then added to the BM-PES matrix at concentrations of 3%, 5%, 7% and 10% to give the ES-CaCO3/BM-PES nanocomposites. The polymerized composites exhibited enhanced properties unlike those of the blank matrix. The microstructural investigations confirmed the successful preparation of the crystalline CaCO3 nanofiller. The obtained nanocomposites have improved thermal properties, owing to the increased thermal decomposition temperatures. The 7% and 10% ES-CaCO3/BM-PES nanocomposites achieved higher mechanical performance, where hardness and scratch resistance improved by 12.5% and 41.7%, respectively. The cone calorimetric parameters indicated the effective flame retardancy of the ES-CaCO3 nanofiller, including the decreased peak heat release rate, specific extinction area, total smoke parameter and mass loss rate, as well the longer time to ignition, compared with the blank BM-PES matrix. The ES-CaCO3 nanofiller protects the natural BM-PES polymer from thermal deformation, mechanical failure and ignition. The characterization confirmed the thermo-mechanical and fire-retardant properties of ES-CaCO3/BM-PES nanocomposites with the successful exploitation of eggshell solid waste and recycled polyester as an environmentally friendly feature.

Graphical abstract: Recycled polyester filled with eggshells waste-based nano CaCO3: thermo-mechanical and flame-retardant features

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
04 Feb 2023
Accepted
08 Feb 2023
First published
21 Feb 2023

New J. Chem., 2023,47, 4999-5010

Recycled polyester filled with eggshells waste-based nano CaCO3: thermo-mechanical and flame-retardant features

H. M. Naguib, New J. Chem., 2023, 47, 4999 DOI: 10.1039/D3NJ00538K

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