Issue 11, 2023

Wide-temperature-range operation of lithium-metal batteries using partially and weakly solvating liquid electrolytes

Abstract

The optimal design of liquid electrolytes is vital for the build-up of long-lifespan lithium-metal batteries (LMBs) that function over a wide-temperature-range. Tuning the electrolyte solvation-structure using partially-fluorinated ether solvents and constructing stable electrode–electrolyte interfaces using electrolyte additives enhance the electrochemical reversibility of lithium-metal anodes and facilitate the realization of high-capacity cathodes for LMBs. This study reports a partially and weakly solvating electrolyte (PWSE) which enables the stable cycling of LMBs at high-voltages within a wide-temperature range through modulation of an electrolyte local-environment using a low-salt concentration of 1.3 M. 1,2-Bis(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)ethane contains two oxygen atoms that coordinate weakly with Li+-ions; it transforms the 1,2-dimethoxyethane-dominated electrolyte solvation-structure to a more anion-incorporated structure. Moreover, a combination of lithium fluoromalonato(difluoro)borate and silver nitrate strengthens the electrode–electrolyte interfaces and improves the oxidation durability of ether-based electrolytes. The PWSE enables the construction of 4.4 V Li|LiCoO2 full cells with a long-lifespan and high-areal-capacity of 3.12 mA h cm−2.

Graphical abstract: Wide-temperature-range operation of lithium-metal batteries using partially and weakly solvating liquid electrolytes

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
28 Jun 2023
Accepted
11 Sep 2023
First published
13 Sep 2023

Energy Environ. Sci., 2023,16, 5108-5122

Wide-temperature-range operation of lithium-metal batteries using partially and weakly solvating liquid electrolytes

S. Kim, J. Lee, T. K. Lee, K. Baek, J. Kim, B. Kim, J. H. Byun, H. Lee, S. J. Kang, J. Choi, S. Lee, M. Choi, J. Lee and N. Choi, Energy Environ. Sci., 2023, 16, 5108 DOI: 10.1039/D3EE02106H

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