Issue 9, 2023

Collecting the space-distributed Maxwell's displacement current for ultrahigh electrical density of TENG through a 3D fractal structure design

Abstract

Triboelectric nanogenerator is an emerging technology that can convert low-frequency and irregular mechanical energy into electricity and has broad applications in the fields of distributed energy harvesting, self-powered sensing, and the Internet of Things. However, it is still a challenge to achieve high electrical energy density owing to the limited surface tribocharge density. Herein, we report a three-dimensional fractal structured nanogenerator (FSNG), which can efficiently collect the triboelectrification induced space-distributed Maxwell's displacement current, and hence largely improve the electrical energy density. The output charge density, power density, and energy density of FSNG break the record and reach up to 8 mC m−2, 2.18 MW m−2, and 0.39 J m−2 cycle−1, respectively, and can be further improved by optimizing the fractal unit. In addition, the equivalent fractal circuit models for FSNG with the same functionality are developed for a deep understanding of the FSNG. This study not only creates a new record of high electrical output of nanogenerators but also paves a more efficient way for mechanical energy scavenging toward practical applications.

Graphical abstract: Collecting the space-distributed Maxwell's displacement current for ultrahigh electrical density of TENG through a 3D fractal structure design

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
19 Apr 2023
Accepted
10 Jul 2023
First published
11 Jul 2023
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY-NC license

Energy Environ. Sci., 2023,16, 3781-3791

Collecting the space-distributed Maxwell's displacement current for ultrahigh electrical density of TENG through a 3D fractal structure design

L. A. Zhang, S. Liu, J. Wen, X. Huo, B. Cheng, Z. Wu, L. Wang, Y. Qin and Z. L. Wang, Energy Environ. Sci., 2023, 16, 3781 DOI: 10.1039/D3EE01248D

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