Controllable deposition of dispersed Pd nanoparticles on ZnO for Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions

Abstract

Palladium nanoparticles find extensive applications in catalysis in both homogeneously and heterogeneously catalyzed processes. Supporting metal nanoparticles enhances their stability as compared to their unsupported counterparts. The role of catalytic support is increasingly recognized as crucial in determining the behaviour of these materials. However, controlling the deposition and anchoring of palladium nanoparticles remains a significant challenge. This contribution discusses the preparation of straight lines of palladium particles on zinc oxide by wet impregnation. This phenomenon is attributed to the highly stepped morphology of the employed ZnO that created steric anchoring sites to stabilize the metal particles. Palladium-based catalysts were evaluated for the valuable Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. The dispersed Pd/ZnO catalyst achieved a conversion rate of 86% with 100% selectivity, remarkably superior to that of the Pd/Al₂O₃ and Pd/TiO₂ counterparts.