Enhanced photocatalytic performance of a stable type–II PtSe2/GaSe van der Waals heterostructure

Abstract

In this investigation, the structural, electronic, and optical properties of two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructure (vdwHS) PtSe₂/GaSe with three different configurations have been studied using density functional theory with the generalized gradient approximation. All three optimized vdwHSs PtSe₂/GaSe have positive phonon frequencies and hexagonal unit cells. The hybrid exchange–correlation functional has been employed to study the electronic properties of vdwHSs PtSe₂/GaSe. The vdwHSs PtSe₂/GaSe shows semiconducting behavior with indirect Type-II bandgaps, which have been confirmed by the charge density difference, electrostatic potential, work function, and band edge calculations. Additionally, from the band edge positions, the vdwHSs PtSe₂/GaSe are analyzed for photocatalytic activities. The optical properties such as extinction coefficient, refractive index, reflectivity, energy loss spectrum, and absorption coefficient have been studied using norm-conserving pseudo-potentials. The vdwHSs PtSe₂/GaSe exhibit consistent absorption from the visible to the ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum. From the obtained results, we conclude that vdwHSs PtSe₂/GaSe could be utilized for H₂ production through photocatalytic activity as well as for optoelectronic devices and their application.