Cost-effective, high-performance Ni3Sn4 electrocatalysts for methanol oxidation reaction in acidic environments

Abstract

Methanol (CH₃OH) oxidation offers a promising avenue for transitioning to clean energy, particularly in the field of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). However, the development of efficient and cost-effective catalysts for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) remains a critical challenge. Herein, we report the exceptional electrocatalytic activity and stability of Ni₃Sn₄ toward MOR in acidic media, achieving a performance comparable to that of commercial Pt/C catalysts. Our catalyst design incorporates Earth-abundant Ni and Sn elements, resulting in a material that is 1800 times more cost-effective than Pt/C. Density functional theory (DFT) modeling substantiates our experimental findings, shedding light on the favorable reaction mechanisms and kinetics on the Ni₃Sn₄ surface. Additionally, the as-synthesized Ni₃Sn₄ electrocatalyst demonstrates commendable durability, maintaining its electrocatalytic activity even after prolonged exposure to harsh acidic conditions.