Extraction of diazinon, haloxyfop-R-methyl, hexaconazole, diniconazole, and triticonazole in cheese samples using a ferrofluid based liquid phase extraction method prior to gas chromatography

Abstract

In the present study, a ternary phase solvent extraction combined with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction was developed for the extraction of diazinon, haloxyfop-R-methyl, hexaconazole, diniconazole, and triticonazole from cheese samples. The extracted analytes were determined using gas chromatography. In this work, first, the analytes were extracted into an organic phase and then enriched using a dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction. Deep eutectic solvent-based ferrofluid was synthesized and used as an extraction solvent in the dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction step, which makes the method fast and green. After optimization of experimental conditions, under the best extraction conditions, limits of detection and quantification were found in the ranges of 0.18–0.39 and 0.6–1.3 ng g⁻¹, respectively. Enrichment factors and extraction recoveries of the analytes ranged from 138–156 and 69–78%, respectively. In the end, the proposed method was successfully applied to assess the studied pesticides in cheese samples.