Catalytic SrMoO4 nanoparticles and conducting polymer composite sensor for monitoring of K+-induced dopamine release from neuronal cells

Abstract

Octahedral SrMoO₄ nanoparticles (NPs) with a high degree of crystallinity and controlled size (250–350 nm) were synthesized for the first time by employing a facile hydrothermal method. The prepared NPs were composited with a carboxyl group bearing conducting polymer (2,2:5,2-terthiophene-3-(p-benzoic acid, TBA)) to attain a stable sensor probe (pTBA/SrMoO₄) which was analyzed using various surface analysis methods. The catalytic performance of the composite electrode was explored as an oxidation catalyst for biological molecules through anchoring on the conducting polymer layer, which functioned as a matrix to enhance the stability and selectivity of the sensor probe. The pTBA/SrMoO₄ coated on glassy carbon displayed excellent electrocatalytic performance for the oxidation of some biologically important molecules, including dopamine (DA) in neuronal cells. The sensor immobilized with the catalyst showed an excellent response for DA with a dynamic range between 0.2 and 500 μM and a detection limit of 5 nM. The proposed sensor demonstrates the detection of trace DA released from PC12 cells under K⁺ stimulation, followed by inhibition of the release of exogenic DA by a Ca²⁺ channel blocker (nifedipine). The developed method provides an interesting way to monitor the effect of extracellular substances on living cells and the drug potency test.