Synthesis of benzothiazole-appended bis-triazole-based structural isomers with promising antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani

Abstract

In order to explore new antifungal agrochemicals, we reported the synthesis of two series 5a–f, 6 and 7a–f, 8 of benzothiazole-appended bis-triazole derivative-based structural isomers using a molecular hybridization approach. The synthesized compounds were tested for fungal growth inhibition against the plant pathogen Rhizoctonia solani. All the synthesized compounds showed excellent antifungal activity in their minimum concentrations (10–0.62 μM). Among all the synthetics, compounds 5b (ED₅₀: 2.33 μM), 5f (ED₅₀: 0.96 μM), and 7f (ED₅₀: 1.48 μM) exerted a superior inhibitory effect in comparison to the commercially available fungicide, hexaconazole (ED₅₀: 2.44 μM). The binding interactions of the active compounds 5f, 7f, 6, and 8 within the active site of the sterol 14α-demethylase enzyme were studied with the help of molecular docking studies. The studies revealed that these hybrid pharmacophores could be used as an important intermediate to demonstrate new structural isomer-based fungicides.