A portable smartphone-based detection of glyphosate based on inhibiting peroxidase-like activity of heptanoic acid/Prussian blue decorated Fe3O4 nanoparticles

Abstract

The rapid and onsite detection of glyphosate in tobacco products is still a great challenge. In this study, a novel smartphone-assisted sensing platform for the detection of glyphosate has been successfully proposed through the peroxidase-like activity of Fe₃O₄-based nanozyme. Heptanoic acid/Prussian blue (PB) decorated Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄@C₇/PB) could catalyze and oxidize 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS, colorless) into a steel blue colored product in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Glyphosate could specifically inhibit the peroxidase-like activity of Fe₃O₄@C₇/PB by occupying the active site, thereby the glyphosate detection could be accomplished within 10 min by monitoring the color change of ABTS. This study has developed a smartphone-based portable detection platform for online analysis of glyphosate with a detection limit of 0.1 μg mL⁻¹. The absorbance response curve of glyphosate showed good linearity in the concentration range of 0.125–15 μg mL⁻¹ at 415, 647, and 730 nm. Moreover, by employing a co-precipitation technology and inhibiting the peroxidase-like activity, the glyphosate analysis would be less affected by the tobacco sample matrix. The nanosensor possesses excellent selectivity and anti-interference ability, which has application value in actual samples for onsite screening.