Issue 46, 2022, Issue in Progress

Trace-level detection of sulfonamide antibiotics using quaternary ammonium polymeric ionic liquid-based effervescence-enhanced dispersive solid-phase extraction followed by LC-DAD analysis in environmental waters

Abstract

Conventional ionic liquids possess several disadvantages, such as high viscosity, difficult sampling/retrieval, and great loss in aqueous solution, limiting their wide applications in the pretreatment field. To solve these drawbacks, we synthesized a quaternary ammonium polymeric ionic liquid (PIL) and pressed it into an effervescent tablet for developing an effervescence-enhanced dispersive solid-phase extraction method (QAP-EDSE). The pressed effervescent tablet was composed of PIL as an extractant, tartaric acid as an acidic source, NaHCO3 as an alkaline source, and water-soluble starch as a filler, respectively. Under the CO2-driven dispersion, the QAP-EDSE method integrated rapid enrichment, extraction, and dispersion into one synchronous step. Employing the one-factor-at-a-time approach, several important variables were optimized as follows: 200 mg of P[VBTHEA]Cl as sorbent, 400 μL of acetone as elution solvent, 5 min of elution, solution pH 9.0, and 1 : 1.25 molar ratio of alkaline to acidic sources. Combining LC-DAD analysis, this proposed approach offered the limits of detection as low as 0.11–0.31 μg L−1 and satisfactory recoveries of 81.40–102.62% for five sulfonamides (SAs) in environmental waters. The lower relative standard deviations (1.9–6.7%) evidenced the higher intraday and interday experimental precision by this method. Overall, the newly developed method is environmentally benign, time-saving, and easy to operate with low detection limit and high recovery and thus shows excellent prospects in the trace-level detection of SAs in environmental waters.

Graphical abstract: Trace-level detection of sulfonamide antibiotics using quaternary ammonium polymeric ionic liquid-based effervescence-enhanced dispersive solid-phase extraction followed by LC-DAD analysis in environmental waters

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
18 Apr 2022
Accepted
21 Sep 2022
First published
19 Oct 2022
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY license

RSC Adv., 2022,12, 29915-29927

Trace-level detection of sulfonamide antibiotics using quaternary ammonium polymeric ionic liquid-based effervescence-enhanced dispersive solid-phase extraction followed by LC-DAD analysis in environmental waters

S. Ma, M. Gao, S. Ma, J. Wang, Y. Sun, H. Wang, H. Wang and X. Wang, RSC Adv., 2022, 12, 29915 DOI: 10.1039/D2RA02488H

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