Issue 31, 2022

Self-assembled sonogels formed from 1,4-naphthalenedicarbonyldinicotinic acid hydrazide

Abstract

In this paper, we report self-assembled sonogels formed from 1,4-naphthalenedicarbonyldinicotinic acid hydrazide (NDC-NN3) in some liquids including ethanol, tetrahydrofuran (THF), 1,4-dioxane, n-propanol, n-butanol and n-pentanol. When the clear solution of NDC-NN3 in the selected liquids mentioned above at a suitable concentration was irradiated with ultrasound waves at room temperature, a sonogel was formed. Upon heating, the sonogel dissolved gradually and finally became a clear solution again. Upon cooling the hot solution to room temperature, the solution state did not change even after standing for a few days. Nevertheless, if the solution underwent sonication for a certain time, a stable gel was obtained again. The critical gelation concentrations (CGCs) of NDC-NN3 in ethanol, THF, 1,4-dioxane, n-propanol, n-butanol and n-pentanol are 10, 8, 6, 8, 6 and 8 mg mL−1, respectively. The obtained sonogels display excellent mechanical properties. The crystal structure of NDC-NN3 suggests that the naphthalene ring, hydrazide group and the position of N in the pyridine ring mediate the self-assembly process. Upon sonication, the formation of suitable π–π stacking and intermolecular hydrogen bonding drives the gelator molecules to self-assemble into fibers, spheres and micro-burdock-shaped balls in various solvents, which ultimately confine the liquids.

Graphical abstract: Self-assembled sonogels formed from 1,4-naphthalenedicarbonyldinicotinic acid hydrazide

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
02 Mar 2022
Accepted
05 Jul 2022
First published
14 Jul 2022
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY-NC license

RSC Adv., 2022,12, 20218-20226

Self-assembled sonogels formed from 1,4-naphthalenedicarbonyldinicotinic acid hydrazide

L. Liao, R. Liu, S. Hu, W. Jiang, Y. Chen, J. Zhong, X. Jia, H. Liu and X. Luo, RSC Adv., 2022, 12, 20218 DOI: 10.1039/D2RA01391F

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