Issue 19, 2022

Selective monoallylation of anilines to N-allyl anilines using reusable zirconium dioxide supported tungsten oxide solid catalyst

Abstract

The monoallylation of aniline to give N-allyl aniline is a fundamental transformation process that results in various kinds of valuable building block allyl compounds, which can be used in the production of pharmaceuticals and electronic materials. For decades, sustainable syntheses have been gaining much attention, and the employment of allyl alcohol as an allyl source can follow the sustainability due to the formation of only water as a coproduct through dehydrative monoallylation. Although the use of homogeneous metal complex catalysts is a straightforward choice for the acceleration of dehydrative monoallylation, the use of soluble catalysts tends to contaminate products. We herein present a 10 wt% WO3/ZrO2 catalyzed monoallylation process of aniline to give N-allyl anilines in good yields with excellent selectivity, which enables the continuous selective flow syntheses of N-allyl aniline with 97–99% selectivity. The performed detailed study about the catalytic mechanism suggests that the dispersed WO3 with the preservation of the W(VI) oxidation state of 10 wt% WO3/ZrO2 with appropriate acidity and basicity is crucial for the monoallylation. The inhibition of the over allylation of the N-allyl anilines is explained by the unwilling contact of the N-allyl aniline with the active sites of WO3/ZrO2 due to the steric hindrance.

Graphical abstract: Selective monoallylation of anilines to N-allyl anilines using reusable zirconium dioxide supported tungsten oxide solid catalyst

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
11 Jan 2022
Accepted
30 Mar 2022
First published
19 Apr 2022
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY-NC license

RSC Adv., 2022,12, 11877-11884

Selective monoallylation of anilines to N-allyl anilines using reusable zirconium dioxide supported tungsten oxide solid catalyst

Y. Kon, S. Tsurumi, S. Yamada, T. Yokoi and T. Fujitani, RSC Adv., 2022, 12, 11877 DOI: 10.1039/D2RA00198E

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