Fluorescent probe for the detection of hypochlorous acid in water samples and cell models

Abstract

Hypochlorous acid (HClO) is a special kind of reactive oxygen species, which plays an important role in resisting pathogen invasion and maintaining cell redox balance and other physiological processes. In addition, HClO is commonly used in daily life as a bleaching and disinfectant agent. Its excessive use can also lead to death of water animals and serious respiratory and skin diseases in humans. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a quick and convenient tool for detecting HClO in the environment and organisms. In this paper, we utilize the specific reaction of HClO with dimethylthiocarbamate to develop a novel naphthalene derivative fluorescent probe (BNA-HClO), it was designed and synthesized by using 6-(2-benzothiazolyl)-2-naphthol as the fluorophore and N,N-dimethylthiocarbamate as the recognition group. BNA-HClO shows large fluorescence enhancement (374-fold), high sensitivity (a detection limit of 37.56 nM), rapid response (<30 s), strong anti-interference ability and good specificity in vitro. Based on the outstanding in vitro sensing capability of BNA-HClO, it has been successfully used to detect spiked HClO in tap water, medical wastewater and fetal bovine serum with good recovery. BNA-HClO has also been successfully used as a portable test strip for the in situ semi-quantitative detection of HClO in tap water solutions. In addition, BNA-HClO can successfully enable the detection and imaging of exogenous and endogenous HClO in living cells. This work provides a simple and effective tool for the detection and imaging of HClO in environmental and biological systems, and provides some theoretical guidance for future exploration of biological and pathological studies related to HClO.