Mutation of the eunicellane synthase Bnd4 alters its product profile and expands its prenylation ability

Abstract

Bnd4 catalyzes the first committed step in the biosynthesis of the bacterial diterpenoid benditerpenoic acid and was the first eunicellane synthase identified from nature. We investigated the catalytic roles of the aromatic residues in the active site of Bnd4 through a series of mutation studies. These experiments revealed that large hydrophobic or aromatic side chains are required at F162 and Y197 for eunicellane formation and that selected mutations at W316 converted Bnd4 into a cembrane synthase. In addition, the Bnd4^Y197A variant expanded the native prenylation ability of Bnd4 from accepting C₅ and C₁₀ prenyl donors to C₁₅. This study supports the mechanism of eunicellane formation by Bnd4 and encourages further engineering of terpene synthases into practical and efficient prenyltransferases.