Synthesis of surface dual-template molecularly imprinted silica nanoparticles for extraction of ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin

Abstract

In this work, novel, simple, efficient, fast, sensitive, and selective dual-template molecularly imprinted silica nanoparticles (MI-SiNPs) on the surface of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) were prepared for the simultaneous extraction of ciprofloxacin (CIP) and norfloxacin (NOR) from biological samples. The sorbent was synthesized and then characterized by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The important parameters influencing the extraction efficiency were studied and optimized utilizing the Box–Behnken design. Under optimum conditions, the calibration graph of the analytes was linear in the concentration range of 0.5–300 μg L⁻¹, with a correlation of determination (r²) more than 0.994. The limits of detection and quantification for CIP and NOR were 0.13, 0.15 and 0.38, 0.44 μg L⁻¹, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of CIP and NOR in real samples, which is a potentially promising technique for biological matrixes.