Hemin-based cell therapy via nanoparticle-assisted uptake, intracellular reactive oxygen species generation and autophagy induction

Abstract

Hemin is a protoporphyrin complex of ferric iron ions that acts as a catalyst for hydrogen peroxide degradation through catalase and peroxidase enzymes. However, poor water solubility and hemin dimerization inhibit the iron-based Fenton reaction and the effective utilization of catalytic properties. In addition, the restricted entry of hemin into cells limits its application potential in controlling the intracellular processes. Here we report a colloidal nanoparticle form of hemin with intact catalytic performance and high cellular uptake properties. In particular, a hemin-conjugated nanoparticle is designed that can enter into cells, generate oxidative stress (ROS) inside the cells and induce autophagy. The designed colloidal hemin can be used for ROS-mediated cell therapy and other biomedical applications.