A new family of 1,4-diaryl-1,3-butadiynes based on the “proton sponge”: synthesis, electronic and chemical properties

Abstract

A new family of 1,4-diaryl-1,3-butadiynes containing two and four fragments of 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene (DMAN or “proton sponge”) were synthesized using various 2- and 4-ethynyl derivatives of the proton sponge as synthetic building blocks in Glaser–Hay homocoupling. A significant difference in the reactivity of isomeric diynes was found. Heating 4,4′-(buta-1,3-diyne-1,4-diyl)bis(N¹,N¹,N⁸,N⁸-tetramethylnaphthalene-1,8-diamine) with aniline in the presence of CuCl led to heterocyclization into N-phenylpyrrole, substituted at positions 2 and 5 by the DMAN residues. Under the same conditions the 2,2′-isomer was transformed into the 2,2′-dibenzo[g]indole derivative through the nucleophilic attack of the NMe₂ group on the copper-activated ortho CC bond and the loss of two N-methyl groups. X-Ray analysis revealed that the above 2,2′-dibenzo[g]indole exists in crystals exclusively in cisoidal conformation which is unusual for biaryls. UV/vis and CV data for the synthesized diynes have been discussed.