Issue 18, 2022

Hydroxy-β-sanshool isolated from Zanthoxylum piperitum (Japanese pepper) shortens the period of the circadian clock

Abstract

We showed that an ethanol extract from Zanthoxylum piperitum can shorten the circadian rhythm at the cellular level and that this activity was due to hydroxy-β-sanshool, a secondary metabolite in this plant. An ethanol extract of Z. piperitum was repeatedly fractionated using solid phase extraction and reverse-phase HPLC, then the circadian rhythms of cells to which the fractions were loaded were monitored using real-time reporter gene assays. We purified one HPLC peak and identified it as hydroxy-β-sanshool using liquid chromatography (LC)-precision-mass spectrometry (MS). This compound shortened the period of Bmal1 and Per2 at the cellular level. Incubation cells for 24 h with hydroxy-β-sanshool resulted in upregulated Per2 promoter activity. Hydroxy-β-sanshool also dose-dependently upregulated expression of the clock genes Bmal1, Per1, Per2 and Cry1 and the clock-controlled oxidative stress responsive genes Gpx1and Sod2.

Graphical abstract: Hydroxy-β-sanshool isolated from Zanthoxylum piperitum (Japanese pepper) shortens the period of the circadian clock

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
18 Apr 2022
Accepted
08 Aug 2022
First published
09 Aug 2022

Food Funct., 2022,13, 9407-9418

Hydroxy-β-sanshool isolated from Zanthoxylum piperitum (Japanese pepper) shortens the period of the circadian clock

T. Tomita, Y. Kawano, M. Kassai, H. Onda, Y. Nakajima and K. Miyazaki, Food Funct., 2022, 13, 9407 DOI: 10.1039/D2FO01036D

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