Lamellar structured Ni3P2O8: first-ever use to design 1.8 V operated flexible all-solid-state symmetric supercapacitor

Abstract

Increasing demand for microelectronic devices necessitates the development of highly flexible energy storage technologies with a wide operating voltage. Thus, flexible electrodes and their devices with the requisite mechanical and electrochemical characteristics have prime importance. In this regard, the present article demonstrates the feasibility of designing a flexible all-solid-state supercapacitor using a chemically grown Ni₃P₂O₈ lamellar microstructured electrode embedded with carboxy methyl cellulose-Na₂SO₄ (CMC-Na₂SO₄) gel electrolyte. The formed symmetric device impressively exhibited a maximum working voltage window of 1.8 V with a high specific energy of 44.7 W h kg⁻¹ and specific power of 3.3 kW kg⁻¹ along with prolonged cycle life. Also, the device's high deformation tolerance (95%) when bent at 170° with a flashing light-emitting diode (LED) working demonstration showcases its viability for advanced flexible energy storage applications.