Issue 36, 2022

Synthesis, characterization, interactions with the DNA duplex dodecamer d(5′-CGCGAATTCGCG-3′)2 and cytotoxicity of binuclear η6-arene-Ru(ii) complexes

Abstract

The novel binuclear η6-arene-Ru(II) complexes with the general formula {[(η6-cym)Ru(L)]2(μ-BL)}(PF6)4, and their corresponding water soluble {[(η6-cym)Ru(L)]2(μ-BL)}Cl4, where cym = p-cymene, L = 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), BL = 4,4′-bipyridine (BL-1), 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane (BL-2) and 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane (BL-3), were synthesized and characterized. The structure of {[(η6-cym)Ru(phen)]2(μ-BL-1)}(PF6)4 was determined by X-ray single crystal methods. The interaction of {[(η6-cym)Ru(phen)]2(μ-BL-i)}Cl4 (i = 1, 2, 3; (4), (5) and (6) correspondingly) with the DNA duplex d(5′-CGCGAATTCGCG-3′)2 was studied by means of NMR techniques and fluorescence titrations. The results show that complex (4) binds with a Kb = 12.133 × 103 M−1 through both intercalation and groove binding, while (5) and (6) are groove binders (Kb = 2.333 × 103 M−1 and Kb = 3.336 × 103 M−1 correspondingly). Comparison with the mononuclear complex [(η6-cym)Ru(phen)(py)]2+ reveals that it binds to the d(5′-CGCGAATTCGCG-3′)2 with a Kb value two orders of magnitude lower than (4) (Kb = 0.158 × 103 M−1), indicating that for the binuclear complexes both ruthenium moieties participate in the binding. The complexes were found to be cytotoxic against the A2780 and A2780 res. cancer cell line with a selectivity index (SI) in the range of 3.0–5.9.

Graphical abstract: Synthesis, characterization, interactions with the DNA duplex dodecamer d(5′-CGCGAATTCGCG-3′)2 and cytotoxicity of binuclear η6-arene-Ru(ii) complexes

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
15 Jul 2022
Accepted
22 Aug 2022
First published
24 Aug 2022
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY license

Dalton Trans., 2022,51, 13808-13825

Synthesis, characterization, interactions with the DNA duplex dodecamer d(5′-CGCGAATTCGCG-3′)2 and cytotoxicity of binuclear η6-arene-Ru(II) complexes

C. Georgakopoulou, D. Thomos, T. Tsolis, K. Ypsilantis, J. C. Plakatouras, D. Kordias, A. Magklara, C. Kouderis, A. G. Kalampounias and A. Garoufis, Dalton Trans., 2022, 51, 13808 DOI: 10.1039/D2DT02304K

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