An α-diiminato germylene family: syntheses, structures, and reactivity towards C–C coupled digermylene and digermylene oxide

Abstract

The synthesis and reactivity of a rigid α-diiminate ligand supported chlorogermylene 2 were demonstrated. The reaction of 2 with hydride donor K[BH(^sBu)₃] yielded a hydride addition product, a five-membered 6π-aromatic germylene 3. A nonaromatic germylene 4 was produced by dehydrochlorination of 2 with KN(Si^tBuMe₂)₂. Halide abstraction with AlCl₃ from 2 afforded a cationic germylene 5, and the reduction of 2 with potassium led to a C–C coupled digermylene 6via a radical coupling pathway. Hydrolysis of 2 in the presence of NHC ((^tBu-NCH)₂C:) gave digermylene oxide 7. DFT investigations of central Ge^II-rings in molecules 3–5 provided the details of frontier molecular orbitals. The energy level of the lone pair on the Ge atom in 3 is slightly higher than that in 4, indicating that 3 is the stronger σ-donor than 4. Digermylene 6 and its diastereoisomer 6a feature trans-bent and gauche-bent configurations along their axially chiral C–C bonds, respectively. The conformational and cis–trans isomerism was observed by the isolation of crystal structures 7 and 7a because of intramolecular steric hindrance.