Generation of singlet oxygen catalyzed by the room-temperature-stable anthraquinone anion radical

Abstract

The chemical nature and the catalytic selectivity of the complex of anthraquinone and potassium tert-butoxide, AQ–KOtBu, in generating singlet oxygen (¹O₂) have been studied using a high-level ab initio method and density functional theory (DFT). The results suggest that the stable catalytic center of the AQ anion radical (semiquinone, [AQ˙]⁻) can be produced at room temperature, which is due to the strong delocalization characteristics of electrons in potassium atoms. Two experimentally observed complexes, the ground state AQ–KOtBu, i.e., C₍₁₎, and the photoexcited AQ–KOtBu, i.e., C₍₂₎, can be distinguished via the two different electronic states (π-type and σ-type) of the tert-butoxide group. More interestingly, the catalytic selectivity of AQ–KOtBu to generate ¹O₂ was investigated using multistate density functional theory (MSDFT), and the results suggest that only open-shell ¹O₂ rather than the closed-shell component can be generated. This work explores the electronic structure and the catalytic nature of AQ–KOtBu, which is of great importance for the application of AQ and its derivatives.