Properties and applications of copper halide-chalcogenoether and -chalcogenone networks and functional materials

Abstract

When copper(I) halide salts react with various mono- and poly-chalcogenoether and -chalcogenone ligands, two general shapes of neutral polynuclear Cu_xX_xE_y species (E = S, Se, Te; X = Cl, Br, I; x = 2–8) are formed within the resulting 0–3D coordination materials. These polymetallic forms exhibit either globular or quasi-planar motifs, mainly closed cubane Cu₄I₄S₄ and rhomboid Cu₂X₂S₄, respectively, but not exclusively. Depending on the shape of these polynuclear species and the dimensionality of the network, their properties and applications are profoundly different. These materials include luminescent and electroactive materials, sensors for small molecules, thermo-, electro- and photocatalysts, therapeutic and antibacterial species, electrically conducting solids, active components in solar cells and light emitting diodes, and functional and stimuli-responsive materials (such as self-healing). Specific properties such as occurrence of solid-to-solid phase transition and thermo- and mechano-chromism have also been observed. This work summarizes these properties and applications and presents their current research directions.