Beyond traditional water splitting for energy-efficient waste-to-hydrogen conversion with an inorganic–carbon hybrid nanosheet electrocatalyst

Abstract

Here, we reported an inorganic–carbon hybrid nanosheet that possesses remarkable hydrogen evolution activity (26 mV@10 mA cm⁻²) in 1.0 M PBS by coupling RuP₂ nanoparticles with N,P co-doped carbon (RP-HNS), delivering a decent energy yield of ∼330% and a remarkable overall energy recovery of 81.4% for H₂ production in the waste-to-hydrogen conversion system when used as a microbial electrolysis cell cathode.