Synthesis of azahelicenes through Mallory reaction of imine precursors: corannulene substrates provide an exception to the rule in oxidative photocyclizations of diarylethenes

Abstract

Typically, the synthesis of phenanthrene-based polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons relies on the Mallory reaction. In this approach, stilbene (PhCHCHPh)-based precursors undergo an oxidative photocyclization reaction to join the two adjacent aromatic rings into an extended aromatic structure. However, if one CC carbon atom is replaced by a nitrogen atom (CN), the synthesis becomes practically infeasible. Here, we show the very first examples of a successful Mallory reaction on stilbene-like imine precursors involving the molecularly curved corannulene nucleus. The isolated yields exceed 90% and the resulting single and double aza[4]helicenes exhibit adjustable high affinity for electrons.