In situ growth of CuS NPs on 3D porous cellulose macrospheres as recyclable biocatalysts for organic dye degradation

Abstract

Aiming at recyclable catalyst carriers, porous cellulose macrospheres from wood pulp dissolved in an alkaline urea system were regenerated by simple injection regeneration. After solvent exchange, porous cellulose macrospheres (CMs) with a high specific surface area of 325.3 m² g⁻¹ were obtained by lyophilization, and CuS nanoparticles (CuS NPs) were coated on CMs by in situ growth in the liquid phase to achieve CuS-supported CM macrospheres (CuS@CM). The results indicated that the CuS@CM biocatalyst was successfully prepared with an average diameter of approximately 1.2 mm. In addition, CuS@CM was further used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the catalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) model dyes during the oxidation of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). In the presence of low doses of H₂O₂, the degradation rate of MB reached 94.8% within 10 min, showing high catalytic activity under neutral and alkaline conditions. After five cycles, 90.1% of the original catalytic activity was still retained, indicating that the prepared CuS@CM composite possessed excellent catalytic activity and reusability.