Flower-like MoS2 microspheres compounded with irregular CdS pyramid heterojunctions: highly efficient and stable photocatalysts for hydrogen production from water

Abstract

An irregular CdS pyramid/flower-like MoS₂ microsphere composite photocatalyst was successfully synthesized using a simple one-step hydrothermal method. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet visible absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and photoelectrochemical tests. The composite photocatalysts showed superior photocatalytic activities for hydrogen evolution from water under visible light irradiation (λ ≥ 420 nm) with an extremely high apparent quantum yield (AQY = 64.8%) at 420 nm. To our knowledge, this value is the highest reported efficiency value for CdS/MoS₂ photocatalysts. Further detailed characterization revealed that the special structure for some CdS pyramid structures dispersed in the MoS₂ microsphere structures and surrounded by MoS₂ nanosheets led to the photogenerated electrons migrating from the conduction band of different faces of the CdS pyramid to the conduction band of different MoS₂ nanosheets while photogenerated holes remained in the CdS pyramid structures, which greatly promoted the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes, improving the photoactivity of the CdS/MoS₂ catalyst. The catalyst also exhibited perfect stability, and the photoactivity displayed no significant degradation during continuous hydrogen production over nearly 70 h.