Porous graphene nanocages with wrinkled surfaces enhancing electrocatalytic activity of lithium/sulfuryl chloride batteries

Abstract

The lithium/sulfuryl chloride battery has been used as a primary power source because of its high energy/power density and level of safety. However, disadvantages regarding the sluggish kinetics of the electrode materials have limited its further energy related applications. Herein, we report an efficient approach to prepare nitrogen-doped graphene nanocages with high surface roughness to overcome this issue. The combination of a porous wrinkled surface and hollow structure can properly accommodate the volume-change, promote charge transfer, and enhance structural stability. The designed composite electrode can deliver an initial voltage as high as 3.58 V, an advanced discharge time of 840 s, and an outstanding relative capacity (63.20 mA h) and rate capability (29.36%). This unique structure engineering strategy also provides a potentially cost-effective way for synthesizing other carbon materials and their application in various electrochemical energy storage devices.