Synergistic construction of bifunctional and stable Pt/HZSM-5-based catalysts for efficient catalytic cracking of n-butane

Abstract

Efficient conversion of light alkanes is of essential significance for enhancing the utilization efficiency of resources and exploring the activation and evolution regulation of C–C and C–H bonds in stable molecules. The processes are often executed with catalysts under harsh conditions. The olefin yield and metal stability have been the long-standing concerns. Herein, we report a facile strategy of constructing a bifunctional Pt/HZSM-5-based catalyst by two-step atomic layer deposition (ALD) to achieve a high light olefin formation rate of 0.48 mmol g_cat⁻¹·min⁻¹ in the catalytic cracking of n-butane at 600 °C, which is ∼2.2 times higher than that of the conventional Pt/HZSM-5 catalyst (0.22 mmol g_cat⁻¹·min⁻¹). Moreover, the bifunctional Pt/HZSM-5-based catalyst exhibited outstanding recyclability and excellent metal stability against sintering in comparison with conventional Pt/HZSM-5. Detailed microscopic and spectroscopic characterization studies demonstrate that the metal oxide (TiO₂ or Al₂O₃) coating not only prevents the metal from high-temperature sintering, but also regulates the proportion of coordinately unsaturated platinum surface atoms. Theoretical calculations further confirm the preference of nucleation of TiO₂ or Al₂O₃ on coordinately unsaturated platinum sites, which in turn modulates the bifunctional dehydrogenation-cracking pathway to improve the olefin formation rate.