Partial sulfidation for constructing Cu2O–CuS heterostructures realizing enhanced electrochemical glucose sensing

Abstract

Numerous studies have demonstrated that the construction of heterojunctions in electrode materials resulted in a significant improvement of electrochemical glucose sensing. However, there have so far been rare studies on the underlying relationship between heterojunctions and glucose sensing, and the mechanism for enhancing the glucose sensing ability is still elusive. Herein, with the aid of experimental and theoretical studies, the Cu₂O–CuS heterostructure was constructed as a proof of concept to illustrate the role that heterojunctions play in the glucose sensing process. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that Cu₂O–CuS heterojunctions possessed a decreased formation energy of electroactive Cu(III) species along with a lower adsorption energy of glucose molecules, enabling more favorable reaction kinetics for glucose electrooxidation. As expected, the Cu₂O–CuS electrode shows superior electrochemical glucose sensing performance with respect to the Cu₂O electrode. This work provides significant implications for designing advanced electrochemical sensors in the future.