This work focuses on the AIE properties of extended viologens (EVs), specifically the effect of π-conjugation by employing several aryl groups including phenyl, naphthyl, and anthryl. The DFT calculations show that these EVs with larger aryl groups adopt a twisted geometry due to steric hindrance between the aryl and vinylene–pyridinium units, while the EV with a phenyl ring adopted a planar one.
M. Tonga, New J. Chem., 2021, 45, 23 DOI: 10.1039/D0NJ05075J
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