A rechargeable aqueous proton battery based on a dipyridophenazine anode and an indium hexacyanoferrate cathode

Abstract

A rocking-chair aqueous proton battery is assembled by using dipyridophenazine and indium hexacyanoferrate as the anode and cathode materials, respectively. The reversible amination of redox-active phenazine moieties in dipyridophenazine and fast intercalation–deintercalation of protons in hexacyanoferrate enable the aqueous proton battery to achieve a reversible specific capacity of 37 mA h g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹, good cycling stability with 76.1% capacity retention over 3000 cycles and excellent rate capability.