Simultaneous detection of phenacetin and paracetamol using ELISA and a gold nanoparticle-based immunochromatographic test strip

Abstract

We have developed a sensitive and rapid gold nanoparticle-based immunochromatographic strip (GNP-ICS) for the detection of phenacetin (PNCT) and paracetamol (PAP) using an anti-PNCT monoclonal antibody (mAb). The sensitive anti-PNCT mAb (2D6) had a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) and limit of detection (LOD) of 3.51 and 0.21 ng mL⁻¹, respectively. Additionally, its cross-reactivity with PAP was approximately 10.1%. The developed GNP-ICS assay based on GNP-labeled mAb was sensitive for the detection of PNCT with vLOD and cut-off values of 2.5 and 50 ng mL⁻¹ respectively and a vLOD value of 25 ng mL⁻¹ for PAP. Furthermore, the developed icELISA and GNP-ICS assays were applied to determine PNCT-spiked beverage samples without pretreatment, in addition to a kind of PAP-containing drug. The recoveries were validated using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results revealed that the developed GNP-ICS assay was reliable for the detection of PNCT in practical samples.