Freestanding interconnected nanocluster textiles for efficient oxygen evolution reaction

Abstract

Nanocatalysts have high surface area-to-volume ratios, which are beneficial for minimizing material usage and achieving high catalytic activity. However, preparing a catalyst layer that consists of nanoparticles, involves several costly steps and requires a well-controlled and safe production line. Herein, we report the fabrication of a free-standing support-free textile catalyst comprised of randomly oriented rutile IrO₂ crystalline clusters with diameters in the range 1–3 nm, which are connected through dense crystalline domain boundaries. This textile catalyst can be prepared by combining two industrially established techniques, sputtering and electrospinning, which neither require an environmentally controlled costly synthesis, cleaning, and customized collecting processes for nanomaterials, nor highly engineered transferring processes to prepare the catalyst layer. By tuning the curvature of templated water-soluble polymer nanofibers, the highest mass activity and turnover frequency of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) were achieved for non-doped or pure IrO₂. The high OER activity was attributed to the presence of thermodynamically unstable surfaces, which hold large numbers of undercoordinated Ir atoms.