One-step synthesis of polyethyleneimine-coated magnetite nanoparticles and their structural, magnetic and power absorption study

Abstract

Magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) are especially interesting for several biomedical applications due to their chemical surface, especially for targeted cancer imaging and therapeutics. In order to realize these applications, it is important to know their magnetic properties among other complementary properties that help to improve the understanding of the synthesis process. In this work, we report the magnetic properties of polyethyleneimine-coated magnetite (PEI-Fe₃O₄) NPs synthesized by a one-step method via the co-precipitation method and using PEI as a stabilizer. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed agglomerated magnetic nanoparticles with an average size of ∼10 nm; meanwhile, the X-ray diffraction (DRX) analysis confirmed a pure magnetite phase. The study of magnetic properties shows a superparamagnetic system with coexistence of non-interacting single NPs with a low blocking temperature (∼35 K) and interacting NPs in the aggregates with a higher blocking temperature (>150 K), in which the interparticle interactions of magnetic cores dominate over surface spin disorder. The interaction between the surface spin-disorder layer and NP core was found to be weak, related to a weak exchange bias effect. A maximum specific loss power (SLP) value of 70 W g⁻¹ was obtained (f = 571 kHz and H = 23.87 kA m⁻¹) indicating that the magnetic response plays a crucial role in determining the heating efficiency for future applications.