Issue 56, 2020

Wetting-induced formation of void-free metal halide perovskite films by green ultrasonic spray coating for large-area mesoscopic perovskite solar cells

Abstract

A void-free metal halide perovskite (MHP) layer on a mesoscopic TiO2 (m-TiO2) film was formed via the wetting-induced infiltration of MHP solution in the m-TiO2 film via a green ultrasonic spray coating process using a non-hazardous solvent. The systematic investigation of the behavior of ultrasonic-sprayed MHP micro-drops on the m-TiO2 film disclosed that the void-free MHP layer on the m-TiO2 film can be formed if the following conditions are satisfied: (1) the sprayed micro-drops are merged and wetted in the mesoscopic scaffold of the m-TiO2 film, (2) the MHP solution infiltrated into the m-TiO2 film by wetting is leveled to make a smooth wet MHP film, and (3) the smooth wet MHP film is promptly heat treated to eliminate dewetting and the coffee ring effect by convective flow in order to form a uniform void-free MHP layer. A void-free MHP layer on the m-TiO2 film was formed under optimal ultrasonic spray coating conditions of substrate temperature of ∼30 °C, spray flow rate of ∼11 mL h−1, nozzle to substrate distance of ∼8 cm, and MHP solution-concentration of ∼0.6 M under a fixed scan speed of 30 mm s−1 and purged N2 carrier gas pressure of 0.02 MPa. The mesoscopic MHP solar cells with an aperture area of 0.096, 1, 25, and 100 cm2 exhibited 17.14%, 16.03%, 12.93%, and 10.67% power conversion efficiency at 1 sun condition, respectively.

Graphical abstract: Wetting-induced formation of void-free metal halide perovskite films by green ultrasonic spray coating for large-area mesoscopic perovskite solar cells

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
24 Aug 2020
Accepted
25 Aug 2020
First published
11 Sep 2020
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY license

RSC Adv., 2020,10, 33651-33661

Wetting-induced formation of void-free metal halide perovskite films by green ultrasonic spray coating for large-area mesoscopic perovskite solar cells

S. S. Kim, J. H. Heo and S. H. Im, RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 33651 DOI: 10.1039/D0RA07261C

This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. You can use material from this article in other publications without requesting further permissions from the RSC, provided that the correct acknowledgement is given.

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