Spatially-resolved uranium isotopic analysis of contaminated scrap metal using laser ablation multi-collector ICP-MS

Abstract

Laser ablation multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-MC-ICP-MS) was applied to the detailed investigation of the uranium (U) isotopic composition (²³⁴U, ²³⁵U, ²³⁶U, and ²³⁸U) of five contaminated scrap metal samples found within the European Union. Pressed pellets of the two certified U isotopic reference materials CRM U-020 and CRM U-030 were included in the measurement protocol for mass bias correction, calculation of the ion counter gains and for quality assurance. Since the investigated samples had low U content (0.15–14.3 wt%) compared to typically analysed pure U compounds (>60 wt%), the applied experimental parameters had to be adjusted. Spatially-resolved U isotopic information was obtained by line scan analysis of each sample. While other analytical techniques used typically in nuclear forensic investigations, such as γ-spectrometry and thermal ionisation mass spectrometry (TIMS) yielded average U isotopic compositions of the entire sample, LA-MC-ICP-MS provided substantial added value, highlighting the inhomogeneous distribution of U isotopes within various scrap metal samples. Analysis of individual particles via secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) confirmed the large range of ²³⁵U enrichment levels in heterogeneous scrap metal samples. Four out of five scrap metal samples contained ²³⁶U (∼0.05–∼0.11 wt%), indicating the presence of reprocessed U. Taken together, LA-MC-ICP-MS analysis provided fast and accurate spatially-resolved U isotopic information without consuming or altering the scrap metal samples, a key feature for nuclear forensics investigations.