The catalytic ozonation of diazinon using nano-MgO@CNT@Gr as a new heterogenous catalyst: the optimization of effective factors by response surface methodology

Abstract

In this research, the degradation of the insecticide diazinon was studied using a new hybrid catalyst consisting of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (nano-MgO), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphite (Gr), nano-MgO@CNT@Gr, under various experimental conditions. This study shows the optimization of the nano-MgO@CNT@Gr/O₃ process for diazinon degradation in aqueous solutions. Box–Behnken experimental design (BBD) and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to assess and optimize the solo effects and interactions of four variables, pH, catalyst loading, reaction time, and initial diazinon concentration, during the nano-MgO@CNT@Gr/O₃ process. Analysis of regression revealed an adequate fit of the experimental results with a quadratic model, with R² > 0.91. Following the collection of analysis of variance (ANOVA) results, pH, catalyst loading, and reaction time were seen to have significant positive effects, whereas the concentration of diazinon had a considerable negative impact on diazinon removal via catalytic ozonation. The four variables for maximum diazinon removal were found to be optimum (82.43%) at the following levels: reaction time, 15 min; pH, 10; catalyst dosage, 1.5 g L⁻¹; and diazinon concentration, 10 mg L⁻¹. The degradation of diazinon gave six kinds of by-products. The mechanism of diazinon decomposition was considered on the basis of the identified by-products. According to these results, the nano-MgO@CNT@Gr/O₃ process could be an applicable technique for the treatment of diazinon-containing wastewater.