Comparison of porous carbons derived from sodium alginate and calcium alginate and their electrochemical properties

Abstract

Here, sodium alginate and calcium alginate which have the same carbon-forming component (alginic acid) and different regulation component (sodium/calcium) were used to prepare porous carbons, and comparisons were made of the microstructures and electrochemical properties of the obtained charcoals. The morphology was characterized by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the results show that porous carbons can inherit plane or concave structures from their corresponding carbonized samples. The Horvath–Kawazoe (HK) method was used to analyze micropore size distributions, and the results show that, under the same mass ratio of potassium hydroxide to carbonized sample (KOH/C), the positions of extreme points on the two curves are similar, but the extreme values are different, and new extreme points appear at larger pore sizes with increases in the KOH/C ratio. The results of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge and discharge (GCD) tests show that the capacitance of sodium alginate-derived porous carbon is greater than that of porous carbon derived from calcium alginate when the KOH/C ratios are 2 and 4, and the size relationship is reversed when the KOH/C ratio is 3. The results of cycling performance tests show that the cycle numbers corresponding to the three stages on the two curves are similar under the same KOH/C ratio, but the cycle numbers at the same stage are significantly different under different KOH/C ratios.