A quantum phase gate capable of effectively collecting photons based on a gap plasmon structure

Abstract

The realization of a quantum phase gate in micro-nano structures is beneficial to the miniaturization and integration of on-chip quantum circuits. Surface plasmons are well known for ultra-small mode volumes, which can further reduce the size of quantum devices. However, high fidelity quantum phase gates using surface plasmon nanocavities in a strong coupling regime have not been proposed yet. Here, based on a metallic nanocone–nanowire structure, we theoretically demonstrate a quantum phase gate, simultaneously achieving an arbitrary phase shift and effective photon collection at the nanoscale. The gate can reach 88.8% fidelity due to combining the enhanced coupling coefficient achievable by gap plasmons with low cavity loss resulting from gain medium. Meanwhile, emitted photons can be guided via the nanowire with collection efficiency over 30%. The system may act as universal quantum nodes that can process and store quantum information. It also holds promise for the physical implementation of on-chip multifunctional quantum gates and novel quantum circuits.