Vapochromic luminescence of a spin-coated copper(i) complex thin film by the direct coordination of vapour molecules

Abstract

A homogeneous thin film of a simple and highly luminescent Cu(I) complex, [CuI(PPh₃)₂(py)] (PPh₃ = triphenylphosphine, py = pyridine) (Cu–py), was fabricated via spin coating using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and pyridine without destroying the complex. The thin film (Cu–py@PVP), with a thickness of 1 μm, exhibited efficient response to vapour, exhibiting reversible luminescence changes between blue-green and yellow upon exposure to vapours of N-heteroaromatic compounds such as py and 2-methylpyrazine (Mepyz). Vapochromic luminescence colour change resulting from ligand substitution was also observed in the crystal state, but the response of the thin film was remarkably faster than that of the crystalline samples. The vapour-induced ligand exchange on the thin film was fully characterised by comparing the luminescence properties of the Cu–py crystal with the newly prepared Cu(I) complex, [CuI(Mepyz)(PPh₃)₂] (Cu–Mepyz).