Cu3P nanoparticle-reduced graphene oxide hybrid: an efficient electrocatalyst to realize N2-to-NH3 conversion under ambient conditions

Abstract

Industrial NH₃ synthesis mainly relies on the Haber–Bosch process operated under harsh conditions. Ambient electrochemical N₂ reduction offers an eco-friendly and sustainable pathway for NH₃ synthesis, but its implementation depends on efficient electrocatalysts. Here, we report that a Cu₃P nanoparticle-reduced graphene oxide (Cu₃P-rGO) hybrid serves as an efficient electrocatalyst toward NH₃ synthesis. Tested in 0.1 M HCl, Cu₃P-rGO exhibits a large NH₃ yield of 26.38 μg h⁻¹ mg_cat.⁻¹ and a high faradaic efficiency of 10.11% at −0.45 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode, with high electrochemical stability. Theoretical calculations reveal that Cu₃P can efficiently catalyze NH₃ synthesis.