A wearable fluidic collection patch and ion chromatography method for sweat electrolyte monitoring during exercise

Abstract

This paper presents a method to continuously collect and reliably measure sweat analyte concentrations during exercise. The method can be used to validate newly developed sweat sensors and to obtain insight into intraindividual variations of sweat analytes in athletes. First, a novel design of a sweat collection system is created. The sweat collection patch, that is made from hydrophilized foil and a double-sided acrylate adhesive, consists of a reservoir array that collects samples consecutively in time. During a physiological experiment, sweat can be collected from the back of a participant and the filling speed of the collector is monitored by using a camera. After the experiment, Na⁺, Cl⁻ and K⁺ levels are measured with ion chromatography. Sweat analyte variations are measured during exercise for an hour at three different locations on the back. The Na⁺ and Cl⁻ variations show a similar trend and the absolute concentrations vary with the patch location. Na⁺ and Cl⁻ concentrations increase and K⁺ concentrations seem to decrease during this exercise. With this new sweat collection system, sweat Na⁺, Cl⁻ and K⁺ concentrations can be collected over time during exercise at medium to high intensity, to analyse the trend in electrolyte variations per individual.